There are some finicky details about HG credit. Like if there are 2 ships in a battle, you won’t get credit for the first one you sink, only the second one once the game considers the battle over. It’s possible they were still in battle according to the game, so you didn’t get credit. Such as if their opponent had yet to surface or left the game right before surfacing and so you didn’t see the other ship. Also sometimes after successfully finishing a battle the table bugs out and says you are still in battle even though you aren’t, so you can’t vote to battle again nor can you vote to cash in your hourglass. If they were stuck in the infinite battle, you wouldn’t get credit as the game considers them in battle.
This was added to negate the people who were tag-teaming battles and both ships would get credit for sinking the same one opponent. So people would sit in a group of multiple ships and all attack the person who emerged from the waves, pretty unfair tactic and they fixed it by only giving credit to you if the ship is not paired with someone else(aka it is paired with you or it is paired with no one).
There were some other cheesy tactics when it was first released they had to patch out and they had to redo matchmaking as the queue times were very long for many people when it first released.