I am not sure how to make this work, and honestly, not sure I would want to see it changed. I think my thoughts are for and against the idea in general.
While defeating an enemy ship and getting barrels with supplies, even if not what was there to start with, but a randomly generated amount of supplies, would be awesome. But getting all of the supplies of the enemy ship is just not something I could get behind.
I think there are many things to this that perhaps muddy the waters a lot.
If I know I am outgunned and have no chance to win, and am getting cornered, then I scuttle before the attack begins, most of the time. I suppose it is a bit of a sore loser situation where I simply am not going to give someone else a good time by allowing them the opportunity to take what I had worked on, or defeat me, when I know the odds are stacked against me so badly there is little chance I come out on top. So lets say I scuttled, should barrels float up, rewarding the pursuer?
Or, lets say you are forced to scuttle because of spawn camping, then you are giving the spawn campers a reward if they end up getting barrels as a result of me scuttling. So, there should never be a case where barrels are spawned into the game after someone scuttles? But then again, what about if I scuttle because I just don't want them getting any rewards?
As you can see, there are arguments for many ways this could go. Should there be barrels if you scuttle? Should someone that spawn camps you get rewards for forcing you to scuttle?
I do like the idea of putting in the work to sink someone, and getting some of the supplies I spent to sink them back, but supplies are so abundant now, I am not sure it is really necessary. Honestly, spawn camping to get supplies doesn't even make sense for those making that argument. You chase down a ship for supplies, but they barely have more than a stocked ship? You could have found double, even trip those supplies in the time it takes to chase someone down most of the time. So is it really a better way to get supplies? Only if you get lucky and they are loaded.
Now, what about locking supplies on a ship. That is also a mixed bag. Lest say you are solo and two or three peeps get on your ship. They can camp you none stop, eating all of your food. To me, if they are not there to sink you, this is toxic (in my humble opinion). So now you lock the barrels, meaning they can't steel your supplies. They only get what the brought with them. Ok, great, what about supply crates, can you really lock them? What about the row boat? And what about those times where you are getting chased, so you board their ship to drop anchor, but are out numbered. You are not strong at PvP, but you know how to run and jump. So you drop their anchor and just do what you can to be annoying and stay alive. Distract them long enough for your ship to gain distance. How long does that last if you can't grab food on the fly on the enemy ship? Again, looking at this from different angles makes me say, leave it as it is.
I like the thought of it in part, but the other parts make me think it will only make things worse in the end.